Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is an Indian public-sector aerospace and defence company, headquartered in Bangalore. Established on 23 December 1940, HAL is one of the oldest and largest aerospace and defence manufacturers in the world.HAL began aircraft manufacturing as early as 1942 with licensed production of Harlow PC-5, Curtiss P-36 Hawk and Vultee A-31 Vengeance for the Indian Air Force.HAL has 11 dedicated Research and development (R&D) centres and 21 manufacturing divisions under 4 production units spread across India. HAL is managed by a board of directors appointed by the President of India through the Ministry of Defence, Government of India.[8] HAL is currently involved in designing and manufacturing of fighter jets, helicopters, jet engines marine gas turbine engines, avionics, software development, spares supply, overhauling and upgrading of Indian military aircraft.